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Partisan Battalion Pino Budicin
First Partisan battalion Pino Budicin was a military unit of the” Vladimir Gortan” Brigade, 43rd Division of the 4th Army Corps of the Yugoslav National Liberation Army during World War II. The battalion was almost entirely made up of Italians, most of them from the former Italian region of Istria.
==History==
Initially formed as a company around mid-September 1943 the unit grew up until restructured and was granted the battalion status, during a small ceremony held at Stanzia Bembo, or Bembo farm, few miles away of Istrian village of Valle, on April 4, 1944; this was also the place of the first engagement of the newly endorsed unit. In fact that day during the ceremony the battalion was attacked by a German Unit. As first battalion’s commander was appointed, Giuseppe Alizzi: a Sicilian from Giarre, he was a former Lieutenant of the Italian Army who had joined the Partisans after the Italian capitulation of September 8, 1943.
When reorganized as a battalion, the strength was about 120 officers and men, including some political commissars, in charge of the political control. The original three companies were: the 1st company, commanded by Milan Iskra, where Giorgio Pascucci was the Political Commissar; the 2nd company commanded by Nando Sacco, the political commissar was Benito Turcinovich, and the 3rd company commanded by (?) Deotto, whose political commissar was Riccardo Daveggia. All the mentioned commanders and commissars have been appointed with order n. 29 – 273/1944 issued on June 15, 1944 by the Partisan HQ of the People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia. The battalion also included a semi-autonomous Commandos company led by the ''Popular Hero'' Matteo Benussi-Cio, and a supply platoon. A month later being turned into a battalion, its strength had risen up to 400 men. According to the partisan warfare, this number would have been enough for the creation of another battalion or even a new Partisan Brigade, following the example of the Partisan Assault Battalion Trieste turned into the new 20th Partisan Brigade Garibaldi-Trieste on April 1944, operating within the 9th Korpus. The 20th Partisan Brigade Garibaldi from May through December 1944 had the Partisan Battalion,” Alma Vivoda” also an ethnic Italian unit, that was operating in Capodistria area, under its direct control. However, for undisclosed reasons the creation of new Italian unit was not authorized by the senior Partisan authorities. A possible explanation may be that, an all-Italian-partisan-unit, organized as major tactical military formation, operating in the area would have been a possible future complication to the annexing plan of the Istrian area to the new Communist Yugoslavia. Therefore, to decrease the number, many Italian partisans who had joined the unit, were subsequently mustered to other non-ethic-Italian-partisan units; to mention one of them, the partisan Giusto CURTO a veteran of the Budicin Battalion. A peculiarity of the Pino Budicin Battalion was the use of the Italian language, for communication between rank and files, and with senior commands.
Because the majority of the unit was composed by Italians from Istria, most of them could not properly read and write, and in many cases even speak the Croatian language, the language spoken by almost all the partisan units in the Croatian area, and even those who spoke the language at home, had no full command of the written language; this mainly because the Fascist policy from 1920s onward had highly discouraged the use of non-Italian languages in the Istria and Krast areas, two of the territories annexed to Italy after the dissolution of the Austrian Empire which had a mixed population of Italians and Slavs. Orders were therefore given in Italian as well as the communication with senior commands. This fact is mentioned in a letter of IX Yugoslav Army Corps (IX Corpus) dated April 23, 1944. The same letter also remarked the poor training of the Battalion Officers, and the lack of efficient equipment and weapons, most of it coming from the looting of the Italian Army posts after its dissolution in September 8, 1943.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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